Restriction of Hazardous Substances

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Chapter : Hazard Management

Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment

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Chapter : Hazard Management

Catalyst Hazards

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Chapter:- Hazard Management

Analysis Hazard Exposed to Employee at Workplace.

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Chapter:- Hazard Management

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Strategies to Identify and Analyze Hazards

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

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Identifying and Controlling :- Hazards in Workplace

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

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Hierarchy of Controls - Controlling Workplace Hazards

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

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HM : Occupational Dermatitis Hazards and Control Measures

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

Prevent Occupational Disease - Hazards and Control Measures

Occupational skin diseases, including occupational dermatitis, are the second most common type of occupational disease.

 

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Number of  workers face job-related exposures to chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin, in industries ranging from construction to health care and food service. The occupational skin diseases that arise from these exposures can be every bit as debilitating as occupational lung diseases or severe ergonomic injuries, forcing workers out of their jobs.

Therefore, you should determine if the five risk factors for occupational dermatitis exist and must be and addressed in your workplace.

 

What Is Occupational Dermatitis?

 

Dermatitis occurs when skin becomes inflamed and irritated. The two general types of dermatitis are primary irritation and sensitization. Primary irritation usually results from contact with a substance—such as strong acids, caustics, and solvents—in a significant quantity, concentration, and length of time.

This affects the skin directly at the exposure site in different ways, depending on the type of chemical. For example, solvents work by removing fats and oils from the skin, while prolonged exposure to oils and waxes can plug up the skin's hair follicles and sweat ducts, causing inflammation and acne.

Sensitization is an allergic reaction that occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a substance. Workers may become sensitized after a single exposure to a substance, or they may be exposed to a substance for years before their body begins to react.

 

Identifying Dermatitis Risks

 

No industry can claim immunity to problematic skin exposures. For example:

• Workers in construction are exposed to Portland cement.
• Healthcare workers are at risk from latex, chemical sterilants and disinfectants, and hazardous drugs.
• Agricultural workers' skin is exposed to pesticides.
• Many hairdressers are forced out of their trade because they develop skin reactions to the chemicals they use on their clients.

Any worker exposed to hazardous chemicals in the workplace should be aware of the potential for skin damage, the dangers of occupational dermatitis, and preventive measures, including wearing appropriate gloves to prevent contact.

 

These five factors increase the risk of occupational dermatitis:

 

1. Frequent or prolonged contact with chemicals. A chemical that might be harmless or mildly irritating during occasional use can become much more hazardous with frequent or prolonged contact. Examine the safety information for any chemical that is in contact with workers' skin frequently or for prolonged periods to ensure that it does not cause skin irritation, sensitization, or systemic effects.

Also, look for less obvious sources of chemical contact. For example, pesticide residues will linger on plants, and workers who handle these plants may have significant exposures through the skin even after the waiting period required following pesticide applications.

Sources of skin exposure include:

• Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
• Aerosolized particles
• Immersion
• Splashes

2. Skin that is already damaged. Intact skin can protect against many exposures, but damaged skin may permit chemicals that would otherwise be blocked to enter the body.

Employees who work with chemicals that pose a skin hazard should be aware of whether they need to take additional precautions when they have scratches or cuts on their skin. Under some circumstances—for example, workers with large open wounds that could come into contact with chemicals—they may need to be temporarily reassigned.

Workers exposed to mechanical hazards, such as friction, pressure, abrasive materials, or sharp edges, can suffer skin damage on the job that will make chemical exposures much more dangerous. Make sure chemical exposure hazards are not compounded by trauma hazards in the workplace.

 

3. Poor hygiene. Workers with dermal exposures should wash frequently so chemicals do not remain on their skin for long periods of time. Skin hygiene in the presence of hazardous chemicals is somewhat different from skin hygiene at home. Workers should:

• Wash their hands before putting gloves on so they do not trap hazardous materials against their skin.
• Wash their gloves before removing them so they do not transfer hazardous chemicals from the gloves to their skin.
• Wash their hands after removing contaminated gloves, and dry their hands gently, but thoroughly.
• Use only moisturizers provided by the employer that will not damage gloves, and apply lotions and moisturizers only to clean skin.

Note: If pH is an issue (as it is for workers who use Portland cement), employers should provide pH neutral or buffered soaps at work, and workers should also use them at home.

 

4. Temperature extremes or exposure to sunlight. Heat and cold both stress the skin, making it more susceptible to chemical injury. Sunlight, too, can make some exposures more dangerous through its interaction with chemicals.

 

5. Wet work. A chemical that might not ordinarily penetrate the skin in large amounts could do so under wet conditions—including heavy perspiration—because wet skin is more permeable than dry skin. Workers in wet environments may need to take precautions—such as wearing gloves—that would not be necessary if their skin were dry.

 

Tip: Workers who use solvents, such as methylene chloride, may be tempted to clean their skin with it. Teach them about the hazards and to clean their skin with soap and water only, rather than with potentially hazardous solvents.

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HM : Job Hazard Analysis

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

Job Hazard Analysis

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A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a method that can be used to identify, analyze and record.

It is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. After identifying the uncontrolled hazards, we will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.

A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness.

Importance of  hazard analysis important

Many workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day due to unsafe work condition. To eliminate unsafe work condition and to ensure safety of employees/ subcontractor while working at jobsite by identifying the activity specific hazards and control.

Types of hazards can be considered for completing a JHA:

• Impact with a falling or flying object.
• Penetration of sharp objects.
• Caught in or between a stationary/moving object.
• Falls from an elevated work platform, ladders or stairs.
• Excessive lifting, twisting, pushing, pulling, reaching, or bending.
• Exposure to vibrating power tools, excessive noise, cold or heat, or harmful levels of gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, or dusts.
• Repetitive motion.
• Electrical hazards.
• Light (optical) radiation (i.e. welding operations, etc.).
• Water (potential for drowning or fungal infections caused by wetness).

When to conduct a JHA?

• Every day before starting the work at job site.
• When a new job is to be established.

Who has to conduct JHA?

It is the responsibility of the supervisor or directly in charge of the job to ensure a JHA is completed. All site employees and subcontractors must be involved while conducting job site specific JHA’s.

JHA technique

• Identify / Select the job/ activity with the highest risk for a workplace injury or illnessto be analyzed.
• The steps involved in performing a specific job, Break the job down into a sequence of steps.
• The existing or potential safety and health hazards associated with each step
• Identify the potential hazards involve select an experienced employee who is willing to be observed. Involve the employee and his/her immediate supervisor in the process.
• Identify and record each step necessary to accomplish the task. Use an action verb (i.e. pick up, turn on) to describe each step.
• Identify all actual or potential safety and health hazards associated with each task.
• Determine and record the recommended action(s) or procedure(s) for performing each step that will eliminate or reduce the hazard and the risk of a workplace injury or illness. (i.e. engineering changes, job rotation, PPE, etc.)
• The recommended action(s)/procedure(s) that will eliminate or reduce these hazards
• Determine preventive methods as per hierarchy of control to overcome these hazards.
• Document the results on JHA board.

How to conduct JHA?

• Step 1- Involve employees & subcontractors to conduct a preliminary job/ activity review
• Step 2- Review with employees for worksites history of accidents and occupational illnesses.
• Step 3- List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous job/ activities.
• Step 4- Outline the steps or tasks.
• Step 5- Outline the workplace hazards.
• Step 6- List out the control measures which need to eliminate/ control the hazard.
• Step 7- Make available of JHA boards and display it at workplace where it can be easily accessible for all employees to read it.
• Step 8 -Write down permanent hazard (which are identified at jobsite or which is client scope) on JHA board in local or any other language which can be easily understood by employees, subcontractors and visitors who visiting to site.
• Step 9- Mention control measures as per hierarchy of control to be taken on JHA Board.
• Step 10- Work related hazards which are identified prior to start job on each day shall communicate to each employee & contractors, record of the same to be maintained as well as display these identified hazards with its control measures on JHA board.

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Determining the Preventive Measures or Controls

1. Elimination :- Physically remove the hazards
2. Substitution :-  Replace the hazards
3. Engineering Controls :- Isolate people from the hazards
4. Administrative Control : Change the way people work
5. PPEs : Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment’s  

Follow-up

Once the JHA is completed and all identified hazards have been considered and controls determined. The Supervisor shall be responsible for ensuring the implementation with employees/ subcontractor.

Recording

The Supervisor, Engineer, Project Manager or Nominee shall ensure that all identified hazards with control measure to be maintained on JHA Board.

Reviewing JHA

A sample of JHA’s shall be reviewed on daily basis. If any changes should be marked on JHA Board and communicate it to all site employees/ subcontractor employees.

 

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HM: Hazard Communication

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

Hazard Communication

Sound safety programs must also include a HazCom plan. The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on the simple concept that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they’re exposed to when working. They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring.


It addresses the issues of evaluating and communicating hazards to workers including issues such as chemical labeling, Safety Data Sheets or SDS, a written program and employee training requirements.

OH&S requires all companies to develop a written Hazard Communication Program and train their workers on the aspects the program covers. A copy of this written program must be available at the workplace for review by any interested employee. Make sure you’re familiar with our written hazard communication program, and where the SDS are stored.

Frequently overlooked chemicals that need to be covered by HCS include adhesives, gasoline, paint thinner, grease, cleaners, solvents and sealers. Suppliers and manufacturers are required to provide SDS to their customer’s along with the chemicals.

Containers and Labels: All chemicals on site must be stored in their original container with the manufacturers’ label attached. You can dispense chemicals from the original container into smaller containers for immediate use on a single shift. These secondary containers will be labeled with at least the generic name of the product, such as paint thinner. Any unused amount must be returned to the original container at the end of the shift or given to a supervisor for proper handling and disposal. Supervisors must make sure that all containers are labeled with labels that meet GHS requirements. No unmarked containers, of any size, can be left in the work area unattended.

Hazardous Chemical List & Safety Data Sheets: A master list of all the hazardous chemicals and copies of SDS for all hazardous chemicals that employees may be exposed should be kept at each workplace and available to all employees at the office for review at any time.

Employee Information & Training: Make sure you’re trained on the HCS, how to understand the SDS and GHS labelling. This training must be documented. Before starting work, each new employee must attend a health and safety orientation and should receive information and training on the following:

• An overview of the requirements contained in OH&S Hazard Communication Standard
• Methods to reduce or prevent exposure to hazardous chemicals including safe work practices and use of PPE
• Location and availability of the written hazard communication program and the SDS for any hazardous chemicals at the job site
• The physical hazards and health effects of the hazardous chemicals
• The methods used to monitor the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area
• The steps the company has taken to reduce or prevent exposure to these chemicals
• The emergency procedures to follow in the event of exposure to chemicals
• How to read container labels and interpret SDS to obtain appropriate hazard information

Make sure you’re informed of the workplace of chemical hazards. In order for the HCS to be effective, a commitment must be made by everyone to prevent incidents that result in injury and/or illness, and to comply with all safety rules.

HM : Struck-By Hazards

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

Struck-By Hazards

Struck-By Hazards are defined as: Injuries produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured person and an object or piece of equipment. By identifying these hazards, and understanding how they happen, we can take steps to protect ourselves.

Types of Struck Hazards By Situations And What to Be Aware Of:

Flying / Falling Objects

• Flying object hazards include instances when a piece of material separates from a tool, machine, or other equipment.
• Falling objects from an elevation to a lower level, include instances where the injured person is crushed, pinned, or caught under a falling object, other than collapsing material or structures.

Swinging Objects

• When materials are mechanically lifted, they have potential to swing, twist, or turn. This movement can catch workers by surprise and they could be hit by the swinging load.
• Windy conditions are especially hazardous because the load will swing more. In addition to swinging, loads can slip from their riggings and strike workers.

Rolling Objects

• An object which is rolling, moving, or sliding on the same level at which the worker is located poses a great risk.
• This includes being struck or run over by a moving vehicle without being caught under it, or instances in which the worker is struck-by a sliding object or equipment on the same level.

Preventive Measures 

How to Protect Yourself:

• Use the proper PPE.
• Ensure tools are in proper working order, with no loose attachments.
• Only use machinery that is properly guarded.
• Make sure that powder actuated fastener tools have proper backing .
• Set up barriers to deflect flying particles.
• Never use compressed air to clean or blow debris.
• Use toe boards to prevent items from dropping on workers below.

What is Your Employer’s Responsibility?

• Assess hazards that would affect the safe operation of hoisting equipment such as, power lines, ground firmness and levelness. Remove personnel that would be within the swing radius of items being hoisted.
• Erect barriers to mark the danger zone of a rotating equipment.
• Ensure that the equipment is in safe operating condition.
• Comply with all manufacturer procedures regarding equipment use, and  attachments.
• Ensure loads are properly rigged by a qualified rigger.
• Ensure all equipment with obstructed view does not operate in reverse gear unless the equipment has a reverse signal alarm or a worker has been designated to signal when it is safe.

HM - Hazards Management

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

Hazards Management

There is risk in all areas of life. We want to identify, eliminate or control work-related risks to prevent injuries on the job. You are key in helping prevent and avoid injuries.
 
An effective way to do this is to review your own work areas. Doing so will help identify work-related risks so we can either eliminate or control them.

Hazards to watch for

• Slip, trip and fall hazards.
• Lifting, handling, pushing and pulling hazards.
• Hand tool and hand power tool hazards.

  

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• Unguarded or unprotected moving parts on machines or equipment.
• Eye hazards from particulates, liquids splash,radiation, etc.
• Breathing hazards like dusts, mists, fumes and vapors.
• Pinch points where fingers, hands or other body parts could be pinched.
• Electrical hazards.
• Ergonomic risks.

Safe procedures

1. Know your work area well. Where are the areas or spaces you are working?
2. Identify hazards that can cause injury. What things in the work area involve risks of falls, lifting, hand tools and hand power tools,unguarded machines, eye hazards, breathing hazards, pinch points, moving parts, electrical hazards, or others. Are they controlled?
3. Use a checklist to help identify hazards. A checklist can help you identify hazards more consistently without overlooking the obvious. It also gives ideas for improvements to be made, if possible.
4. Discuss control options with supervisors. Share what you’ve observed with your supervisor.This will allow you to find ways to eliminate or manage the risk.

Making Hazard Recognition by default

• Understand how unsafe acts can lead to accidents
• Participate in safety training every opportunity you get
• Use your safety knowledge in all aspects of your job, every hour of the day
• Help instruct new workers in identifying potentially hazardous situations

Identify Unsafe Acts

• Be aware of your surroundings
• Many hazards are obvious to those who open their eyes and minds to see them

Correct Potential Hazards

• Hazard recognition is valuable only when corrective action is taken
• Report all potential hazards to your supervisor
• Work with your supervisor to make sure the hazard is corrected and communicate with co-workers so they don’t cause any potential hazards
• Be the safety coordinator for your work area and stress the importance of safety to your co-workers
• If you are not sure what to do, ask Correct Potential Hazards
• Review safety procedures for your job and work area on a daily basis

To prevent work injuries all must identify, eliminate or control work risks. You are in the work

environment and have the best opportunity to identify hazards. Solutions can be found through working with your supervisor or others. Using a checklist can be helpful.

Diference between Hazards & Incidents 

If someone asked you to define a hazard / an Incident could you do it? Many times hazards cause incident /accidents, but what is the definition of each? To help educate employees, the following definitions have been provided for your reference and understanding: 

A Hazard : Source with a potential to cause injury and ill health;

• Note 1: Hazards can include sources with the potential to cause harm or hazardous situations, or circumstances with the potential for exposure leading to injury and ill health.

An Incident : Occurrence arising out of, or in the course of, work that could or does result in injury and ill health;