Disaster Management Cycle

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Chapter:- Disaster Management

DM : Be Cautious Do's and Don'ts During Earthquake

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Chapter:- Disaster Management

BE CAUTIOUS DURING EARTH QUAKE

During an earthquake a majority of casualties result from falling debris, bricks and timber from collapsed buildings.

Here are some suggestions for your safety:

• An open space away from buildings is the safest place. So, if you are near an exit, run outside, 10-20 meters away, so that you can avoid collapsing walls. Once outside, do not go near buildings, boundary walls, chimneys and electric power lines. Always seek protection from falling debris.
• If you are caught indoors, take cover under a door frame or a sturdy table, bench, desk or bed so that large falling objects may not hurt you. Don’t go out on to balconies, terraces or projections.
• If you are in a moving vehicle, pull off the road and stay in it till it is safe. If you have to continue the journey after the quake stops, look out for collapsed bridges and landslides.
• Avoid using any open flame during the quake, and as far as possible, put out all fires.
• Stay out of the building if you feel that it may collapse. Contact the nearest relief camp. Protect your feet from broken glass.
• If electrical connections have not been damaged, you could tune in to the radio or television to get the latest information on the quake.
• In case you need help or smell leaking gas or detect cracked electrical or water connections, inform the people supervising the operations.
• Don’t go sight seeing! Damaged structures can crash down without any warning, and trap you unawares.
• Avoid panic after the earthquake and don’t add to the chaos.

Do's and Don'ts Earthquake

A. Before an earthquake:

• Follow and advocate local safe building codes for earthquake resistant construction.
• Follow and advocate upgrading poorly built structures.
• Make plan and preparation for emergency relief.
• Identify the medical centers, fire fighting stations, police posts and organize relief society of your area.
• Know the electric and water shut off locations in your house.
• Heavy objects, glasses, cutlery should be kept in lower shelves.
• Flower pots should not be kept on the parapet.

B. During an earthquake:

• Keep calm and reassure others.
• 
• During the event, the safest place is an open space, away from buildings.
• If you are indoors, take cover under a desk, table, bed or doorways and against inside walls and staircase.    
• Stay away from glass doors, glass panes, windows or outside doors. 
• Do not rush to go out of the building, to avoid stampede.
• If you are outside, move away from buildings and utility wires.
• Once in the open, stay there till the vibrations stops.
• If you are in a moving vehicle, stop as quickly as possible and stay in the vehicle.
• Free all pets and domestic animals so that they can run outside.
• Do not use candles, matches or other open flames. Put out all fires.

C. After an earthquake:

• 
• Keep stock of drinking water, foodstuff and first-aid equipment in accessible place.
• Do not spread and believe rumors.
• Turn on your transistor or television to get the latest information/bulletins and aftershock warnings.
• Provide help to others and develop confidence.
• Attend the injured persons and give them aid, whatever is possible and also inform hospital.
• Be prepared for aftershocks as these may strike.
• Close the valve of kitchen gas stove, if it is on. If it is closed, do not open. Do not use open flames.
• Do not operate electric switches or appliances, if gas leaks are suspected.
• Check water pipes, electric lines and fittings. If damaged, shut off the main valves. Do not touch live wires of electricity.
• If needed, open doors and cup boards carefully as objects may fall.

 

from hazards and risks. 

DM:- Urban Floods - Do’s & Don’ts

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Urban Floods: Do’s & Don’ts 

Before floods

• Do not litter waste, plastic bags, plastic bottles in drains
• Try to be at home if high tide and heavy rains occur simultaneously
• Listen to weather forecast at All India Radio, Door darshan. Also, messages by Municipal bodies from time to time and act accordingly.
• Evacuate low lying areas and shift to safer places.
• Make sure that each person has lantern, torch, some edibles, drinking water, dry clothes and necessary documents while evacuating or shifting.
• Make sure that each family member has identity card.
• Put all valuables at a higher place in the house. 

In the Flood Situation

• Obey orders by government and shift to a safer place.
• Be at safe place and they try to collect correct information.
• Switch of electrical supply and don’t touch open wires.
• Don’t get carried away by rumors and don not spread rumors. 

After Floods

• Drink chlorinated or boiled water.
• Take clean and safe food
• Sprinkle insecticides in the water ponds/ stagnant water.
• Please cooperate with disaster survey team by giving correct information. 

DO's

• Switch off electrical and gas appliances, and turn off services off at the mains.
• Carry your emergency kit and let your friends and family know where you are going.
• Avoid contact with flood water it may be contaminated with sewage, oil, chemicals or other substances.
• If you have to walk in standing water, use a pole or stick to ensure that you do not step into deep water, open manholes or ditches.
• Stay away from power lines electrical current can travel through water, Report power lines that are down to the power company.
• Look before you step-after a flood, the ground and floors are covered with debris, which may include broken bottles, sharp objects, nails etc. Floors and stairs covered with mud and debris can be slippery.
• Listen to the radio or television for updates and information.
• If the ceiling is wet shut off electricity. Place a bucket underneath the spot and poke a small hole into the ceiling to relieve the pressure.
• Use buckets, clean towels and mops to remove as much of the water from the afflicted rooms as possible.
• Place sheets of aluminum foil between furniture wet carpet. 

Don’ts

• Don't walk through flowing water - currents can be deceptive, and shallow, fast-moving water can knock you off your feet.
• Don't swim through fast flowing water - you may get swept away or struck by an object in the water.
• Don't drive through a flooded area - You may not be able to see abrupt drop - offs and only half a meter of flood water can carry a car away. Driving through flood water can also cause additional damage to nearby property.
• Don't eat any food that has come into contact with flood water.
• Don't reconnect your power supply until a qualified engineer has checked it. Be alert for gas leaks - do not smoke or use candles, lanterns, or open flames.
• Don't scrub or brush mud and other deposits from materials, This may cause further damage.
• Never turn on ceiling fixtures if ceiling is wet. Stay away from ceilings those are sagging.
• Never use TVs, VCRS, CRT terminals or other electrical equipment while standing on wet floors, especially concrete.
• Don't attempt to remove standing water using your vacuum cleaner.
• Don't remove standing water in a basement too fast. If the pressure is relieved too quickly it may put undue stress on the walls.

DM :- Mosquito Borne Diseases (Like Malaria, Dengue, Filaria, Chikungunya) - Do's and Don'ts

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Mosquito Borne Diseases Like Malaria, Dengue, Filaria, Chikungunya 

Do’s

• Follow “sun-down sleeves-down” approach. Wear clothes that cover arms and legs.
• Prevent water collections on ground and other places to prevent malaria breeding.
• Empty water containers at least once a week.
• Remove water from coolers from time to time.
• Cover and seal any septic tanks.
• Use Mosquito Nets Preferably Insecticide Treated Bed Nets (ITBN).
• Apply insect repellants while sleeping to keep away mosquitoes.
• Seek medical advice in case of rashes, mental irritation or unconsciousness. 

Don’ts

• Do not encourage children to wear shorts and half sleeved clothing.
• Do not allow water to stagnate.
• Do not allow discarded items to accumulate such as tires, tubes, empty coconut shells, household items and objects wherein water may collect.
• Do not bathe in village ponds and allow cattle to take bath in the same pond.

DM :- Diarrhoeal Group of Diseases Including Cholera - Do's and Don'ts

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Diarrhoeal Group of Diseases Including Cholera 

Do’s

• Hand Hygiene.
• Encourage drinking of water from a safe source or water that has been disinfected (chlorinated). Add bleaching powder in all community wells at regular intervals. Use water pumped out from India Mark II hand pumps, if installed in the village/community.
• Drink boiled potable water in an emergency that has been boiled for at least 15 minutes and consumed it the same day.
• Promote storage of water in narrow mouthed container.
• Cook food thoroughly especially meat, poultry, eggs and seafood until it is steaming and eat it while it is still hot.
• Ensure cooked meat and poultry is safe and no part of the meat discoloured or foul smelling, or in the case of egg, their shells are not cracked.
• If food is not eaten immediately, reheat cooked until it is steaming hot prior to serving.
• Keep food items covered.
• Increase fluid intake as soon as diarrhoea starts by drinking ORS solution or home-made preparation of Table Salt 5 grams (1 teaspoon) in and 20 grams (4 teaspoons) of Sugar dissolved in 1 litre of drinking water.
• Encourage banana eating, which provides potassium.
• Continue feeding children when they are sick and to continue breastfeeding if the child is being breast fed.
• Refer the diarrhoea case to the nearest health facility in case of the following: Child is irritable, restless or lethargic or unconscious: eating or drinking poorly; child has marked thirst; child has fever or blood in stool. 

Don’ts

• Do not drink water from unsafe sources.
• Do not eat uncooked food unless it is peeled or shelled.
• Do not leave cooked food at room temperature longer than 2 hours.
• Do not consume cut fruits from vendors.
• Do not defecate in open area.
• Do not give access to rats and houseflies in your premises.

DM :- Biological - Do's & Dont's

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Biological: Do's & Dont's

Before The Disaster

• Plan for Family Biological Disaster Plan.
• Preparation by ensuring Prevention measures.
• Personal cleanliness - daily bath, don’t grow long nails and wear clean clothes.
• Hand Hygiene (Wash hands with soap and water before preparing food or eating, after passing stools, coughing or sneezing). 

The steps of hand washing are: - 

Step 1: Wash palms and fingers

Step 2: Wash back of hands.

Step 3: Wash fingers and knuckles

Step 4: Wash thumbs

Step 5: Wash fingertips

Step 6: Wash wrists

• Eat nutritious and balanced food.
• Immunisation state should be up to date.
• Prevent overcrowding.
• Good ventilation.
• Protect from hot and cold weather.
• Health Education.
• Surveillance.
• Take a First Aid and Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training.
• Subscribe to a Medical Insurance Plan.

DM :- Coastal Earthquake - Do's and Don'ts

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Coastal Earthquake 

If you feel an earthquake that lasts 20 seconds or longer when you are in a coastal area, you should:

• Drop, cover, and hold on. You should first protect yourself from the earthquake damages. 

When the shaking stops:

• Gather members of your household and move quickly to higher ground away from the coast. A tsunami may be coming within minutes. 
• Avoid downed power lines and stay away from damaged buildings and bridges from which Heavy objects might fall during an aftershock. 

If you are on land

• Be aware of tsunami facts. This knowledge could save your life! Share this knowledge with your relatives and friends. It could save their lives! 

If you are in school and you hear there is a tsunami warning:

• You should follow the advice of teachers and other school personnel. 

If you are at home and hear there is a tsunami warning:

• You should make sure your entire family is aware of the warning. Your family should evacuate your house if you live in a tsunami evacuation zone. Move in an orderly, calm and safe manner to the evacuation site or to any safe place outside your evacuation zone. Follow the advice of local emergency and law enforcement authorities. 

If you are at the beach or near the ocean and you feel the earth shake:

• Move immediately to higher ground, DO NOT wait for a tsunami warning to be announced. Stay away from rivers and streams that lead to the ocean as you would stay away from the beach and ocean if there is a tsunami. A regional tsunami from a local earthquake could strike some areas before a tsunami warning could be announced.
• Tsunamis generated in distant locations will generally give people enough time to move to higher ground. For locally-generated tsunamis, where you might feel the ground shake, you may only have a few minutes to move to higher ground.
• High, multi-storied, reinforced concrete hotels are located in many low-lying coastal areas. The upper floors of these hotels can provide a safe place to find refuge should there be a tsunami warning and you cannot move quickly inland to higher ground.
• Homes and small buildings located in low-lying coastal areas are not designed to withstand tsunami impacts. Do not stay in these structures should there be a tsunami warning.
• Offshore reefs and shallow areas may help break the force of tsunami waves, but large and dangerous wave can still be a threat to coastal residents in these areas.
• Staying away from all low-lying areas is the safest advice when there is a tsunami warning. 

If you are on a boat:

• Since tsunami wave activity is imperceptible in the open ocean, do not return to port if you are at sea and a tsunami warning has been issued for your area. Tsunamis can cause rapid changes in water level and unpredictable dangerous currents in harbours and ports. 

If there is time to move your boat or ship from port to deep water (after a tsunami warning has been issued), you should weigh the following considerations:

• Most large harbours and ports are under the control of a harbor authority and/or a vessel traffic system. These authorities’ direct operations during periods of increased readiness (should a tsunami be expected), including the forced movement of vessels if deemed necessary. Keep in contact with the authorities should a forced movement of vessel be directed.
• Smaller ports may not be under the control of a harbor authority. If you are aware there is a tsunami warning and you have time to move your vessel to deep water, then you may want to do so in an orderly manner, in consideration of other vessels.
• Owners of small boats may find it safest to leave their boat at the pier and physically move to higher ground, particularly in the event of a locally-generated tsunami.
• Concurrent severe weather conditions (rough seas outside of safe harbor) could present a greater hazardous situation to small boats, so physically moving yourself to higher ground may be the only option.
• Damaging wave activity and unpredictable currents can affect harbours for a period of time following the initial tsunami impact on the coast. Contact the harbor authority before returning to port making sure to verify that conditions in the harbor are safe for navigation and berthing. 

What to do after a Tsunami

• You should continue using a Weather Radio or staying tuned to a Coast Guard emergency frequency station or a local radio or television station for updated emergency information.
• The Tsunami may have damaged roads, bridges, or other places that may be unsafe.
• Check yourself for injuries and get first aid, if necessary, before helping injured or trapped persons.
• If someone needs to be rescued, call professionals with the right equipment to help.
• Help people who require special assistance— Infants, elderly people, those without transportation, large families who may need additional help in an emergency situation, people with disabilities, and the people who care for them.
• Avoid disaster areas.
• Your presence might hamper rescue and other emergency operations and put you at further risk from the residual effects of floods, such as contaminated water, crumbled roads, landslides, mudflows, and other hazards.
• Use the telephone only for emergency calls. Telephone lines are frequently overwhelmed in disaster situations. They need to be clear for emergency calls to get through.
• Stay out of a building if water remains around it. Tsunami water, like floodwater, can undermine foundations, causing buildings to sink, floors to crack, or walls to collapse.
• When re-entering buildings or homes, use extreme caution. Tsunami-driven floodwater may have damaged buildings where you least expect it. Carefully watch every step you take.
• Wear long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, and sturdy shoes. The most common injury following a disaster is cut feet.
• Use battery-powered lanterns or flashlights when examining buildings. Battery-powered lighting is the safest and easiest to use, and it does not present a fire hazard for the user, occupants, or building. DO NOT USE CANDLES.
• Examine walls, floors, doors, staircases, and windows to make sure that the building is not in danger of collapsing. Inspect foundations for cracks or other damage. Cracks and damage to a foundation can render a building uninhabitable.
• Look for fire hazards. Under the earthquake action there may be broken or leaking gas lines, and under the tsunami flooded electrical circuits, or submerged furnaces or electrical appliances. Flammable or explosive materials may have come from upstream. Fire is the most frequent hazard following floods.
• Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear a blowing or hissing noise, open a window and get everyone outside quickly. Turn off the gas using the outside main valve if you can, and call the gas company from a neighbour’s home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.
• Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell burning insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice. Electrical equipment should be checked and dried before being returned to service.\Check for damage to sewage and water lines. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged under the quake, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water from undamaged water heaters or by melting ice cubes that were made before the tsunami hit. Turn off the main water valve before draining water from these sources. Use tap water only if local health officials advise it is safe.
• Watch out for wild animals, especially poisonous snakes that may have come into buildings with the water. Use a stick to poke through debris. Tsunami floodwater flushes snakes and animals out of their homes.
• Watch for loose plaster, drywall, and ceilings that could fall.
• Take pictures of the damage, both of the building and its contents, for insurance claims. Open the windows and doors to help dry the building.
• Shovel mud before it solidifies.
• Check food supplies.
• Any food that has come in contact with floodwater may be contaminated and should be thrown out.
• Expect aftershocks. If the earthquake is of large magnitude (magnitude 8 to 9+ on the Richter scale) and located nearby, some aftershocks could be as large as magnitude 7+ and capable of generating another tsunami. The number of aftershocks will decrease over the course of several days, weeks, or months depending on how large the main shock was.
• Watch your animals closely. Keep all your animals under your direct control. Hazardous materials abound in flooded areas. Your pets may be able to escape from your home or through a broken fence. Pets may become disoriented, particularly because flooding usually affects scent markers that normally allow them to find their homes. The behaviour of pets may change dramatically after any disruption, becoming aggressive or defensive, so be aware of their well-being and take measures to protect them from hazards, including displaced wild animals, and to ensure the safety of other people and animals.

DM :- Tsunami - Do’s & Don’ts

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Tsunami : Do’s & Don’ts

• You should find out if your home, school, workplace, or other frequently visited locations are in tsunami hazard areas along sea-shore.
• Know the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast or other high-risk waters. (Local administration may put sign boards).
• Plan evacuation routes from your home, school, workplace, or any other place you could be where tsunamis present a risk.
• If your children's school is in an identified inundation zone, find out what the school evacuation plan is.
• Practice your evacuation routes.
• Use a Weather Radio or stay tuned to a local radio or television station to keep informed of local watches and warnings.
• Talk to your insurance agent. Homeowners' policies may not cover flooding from a tsunami. Ask the Insurance Agent about the benefits from Multi-Hazard Insurance Schemes.
• Discuss tsunamis with your family. Everyone should know what to do in a tsunami situation. Discussing tsunamis ahead of time will help reduce fear and save precious time in an emergency. Review flood safety and preparedness measures with your family. 

If you are in an area at risk from tsunamis

• You should find out if your home, school, workplace, or other frequently visited locations are in tsunami hazard areas.
• Know the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast or other high-risk waters. (Local administration may put sign boards). Also find out the height above sea level and the distance from the coast of outbuildings that house animals, as well as pastures or corrals.
• Plan evacuation routes from your home, school, workplace, or any other place you could be where tsunamis present a risk. If possible, pick areas (30 meters) above sea level or go as far as 3 kilometres inland, away from the coastline. If you cannot get this high or far, go as high or far as you can. Every meter inland or upward may make a difference. You should be able to reach your safe location on foot within 15 minutes. After a disaster, roads may become blocked or unusable. Be prepared to evacuate by foot if necessary. Footpaths normally lead uphill and inland, while many roads parallel coastlines. Follow posted tsunami evacuation routes; these will lead to safety. Local emergency management officials can advise you on the best route to safety and likely shelter locations.
• If your children's school is in an identified inundation zone, find out what the school evacuation plan is. Find out if the plan requires you to pick your children up from school or from another location. Telephone lines during a tsunami watch or warning may be overloaded and routes to and from schools may be jammed.
• Practice your evacuation routes. Familiarity may save your life. Be able to follow your escape route at night and during inclement weather. Practicing your plan makes the appropriate response more of a reaction, requiring less thinking during an actual emergency situation.
• Use a Weather Radio or stay tuned to a local radio or television station to keep informed of local watches and warnings.
• Talk to your insurance agent. Homeowners' policies may not cover flooding from a tsunami. Ask the Insurance Agent about the benefits from Multi-Hazard Insurance Schemes.
• • Discuss tsunamis with your family. Everyone should know what to do in a tsunami situation. Discussing tsunamis ahead of time will help reduce fear and save precious time in an emergency. Review flood safety and preparedness measures with your family. 

If you are visiting an area at risk from tsunamis

• Check with the hotel or campground operators for tsunami evacuation information and find out what the warning system is for tsunamis. It is important to know designated escape routes before a warning is issued.
• One of the early warning signals of a tsunami is that the sea water recedes several metres, exposing fish on shallow waters or on the beaches. If you see the sea water receding, you must immediately leave the beach and go to higher ground far away from the beach.
• Protect Your Property
• You should avoid building or living in buildings within 200 meters of the high tide coastline.
• These areas are more likely to experience damage from tsunamis, strong winds, or coastal storms.
• Make a list of items to bring inside in the event of a tsunami.
• A list will help you remember anything that can be swept away by tsunami water.
• Elevate coastal homes.
• Most tsunami waves are less than 3 meters. Elevating your house will help reduce damage to your property from most tsunamis.
• Take precautions to prevent flooding.
• Have an engineer check your home and advise about ways to make it more resistant to tsunami water.
• There may be ways to divert waves away from your property. Improperly built walls could make your situation worse. Consult with a professional for advice.
• Ensure that any outbuildings, pastures, or corrals are protected in the same way as your home. When installing or changing fence lines, consider placing them in such a way that your animals are able to move to higher ground in the event of a tsunami.

DM : Respiratory Group of Diseases (Like Tuberculosis, Influenza, Chickenpox, Meningitis) - Do's and Don'ts

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Chapter : Disaster Management 

Respiratory Group of Diseases Like Tuberculosis, Influenza, Chickenpox, Meningitis 

Dos and Don’ts:

• Avoid close contact with people who are having respiratory illness.
• The sick person should stay at home, and avoid going into the community, school/office, public places for at least 24 hours after symptoms have resolved.
• Sick persons at home should keep distance from others.
• Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette.
• Cover the nose/mouth with a handkerchief/ tissue paper when coughing or sneezing which should be disposed off in dustbins;
• Perform hand hygiene (e.g., frequent hand washing with soap and water, alcohol-based hand rub, or antiseptic hand wash) and thoroughly dried preferably using disposable tissue/ paper/ towel after contact after having contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects/materials.
• Triple layer surgical Mask of standard and certified make should be worn by Suspected/ probable/confirmed cases of influenza or by the care provider in home care settings and close family contacts of such cases undergoing home care.
• Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.
• Avoid smoking.
• Persons who have difficulty breathing or shortness of breath should seek immediate medical attention and report to the nearby hospital.
• If sick persons must go into the community (e.g., to seek medical care), then they should wear a face mask or use a handkerchief or tissues to cover any coughing and sneezing so as to reduce the risk of spreading the infection in the community.
• Immunization status should be up to date as per National Universal Immunisation Programme.

DM :- Nuclear - Do's & Dont's Do's

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Chapter : Disaster Management  

Nuclear: Do's & Dont's 

Do's

• Go indoors. Stay inside.
• Switch on the radio/television and look out for public announcements from your local authority.
• Close doors/windows.
• Cover all food, water and consume only such covered items.
• If in the open, cover your face and body with a wet handkerchief, towel, dhoti or sari. Return home, change/remove clothes. Have a complete wash and use fresh clothing.
• Extend full cooperation to local authorities and obey their instructions completely -- be it for taking medication, evacuation, etc.
• You must be aware of nuclear radiation hazard. Discuss on Nuclear radiation safety among children and family members, to reduce their fear of radiation. 

Dont's

• Do not panic.
• Do not believe in rum ours passed on by word of mouth from one person to another.
• Do not stay outside/or go outside.
• As far as possible, AVOID water from open wells/ponds; exposed crops and vegetables; food, water or milk from outside.
• Do not disobey any instruction of the district or civil defense authorities who would be doing their best to ensure the safety of you, your family and your property.

DM :- Heat Wave - Do's & Dont's

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Heat Wave: Do's & Dont's 

Heat Wave conditions can result in physiological strain, which could even result in death. To minimise the impact during the heat wave and to prevent serious ailment or death because of heat stroke, 

Take the following measures:

• Avoid going out in the sun, especially between 12.00 noon and 3.00 p.m.
• Drink sufficient water and as often as possible, even if not thirsty
• Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose, and porous cotton clothes. Use protective goggles, umbrella/hat, shoes or chappals while going out in sun.
• Avoid strenuous activities when the outside temperature is high. Avoid working outside between 12 noon and 3 p.m.
• While travelling, carry water with you.
• Avoid alcohol, tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks, which dehydrates the body.
• Avoid high-protein food and do not eat stale food.
• If you work outside, use a hat or an umbrella and also use a damp cloth on your head, neck, face and limbs
• Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles
• If you feel faint or ill, see a doctor immediately.
• Use ORS, homemade drinks like lassi, torani (rice water), lemon water, buttermilk, etc. which helps to re-hydrate the body.
• Keep animals in shade and give them plenty of water to drink.
• Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters or sunshade and open windows at night.
• Use fans, damp clothing and take bath in cold water frequently. 

Tips For Treatment of A Person Affected By A Sunstroke:

• Lay the person in a cool place, under a shade. Wipe her/him with a wet cloth/wash the body frequently. Pour normal temperature water on the head. The main thing is to bring down the body temperature.
• Give the person ORS to drink or lemon sarbat/torani or whatever is useful to rehydrate the body.
• Take the person immediately to the nearest health Centre. The patient needs immediate hospitalisation, as heat strokes could be fatal. 

Acclimatisation

People at risk are those who have come from a cooler climate to a hot climate. You may have such a person(s) visiting your family during the heat wave season. They should not move about in open field for a period of one week till the body is acclimatized to heat and should drink plenty of water. Acclimatization is achieved by gradual exposure to the hot environment during heat wave.

DM :- Chemical - Do's & Dont's

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Chapter : Disaster Management 

Chemical Do's & Dont's 

Precautions to be taken during and after the Chemical (Industrial) Accidents

• Do not panic, evacuate calmly and quickly perpendicular to wind direction through the designated escape route
• Keep a wet handkerchief or piece of cloth/ sari on face during evacuation
• Keep the sick, elderly, weak, handicapped and other people who are unable to evacuate inside house and close all the doors and windows tightly.
• Do not consume the uncovered food/ water etc open to the air, drink only from bottle
• Change into fresh clothing after reaching safe place/ shelter, and wish hands properly
• Inform Fire & Emergency Services, Police and medical services from safe location by calling 101, 100 and 108 respectively.
• Listen to PA (Public Addressal) System of the plant/ factory, local radio/ TV channels for advice from district administration/fire/health/police and other concerned authorities
• Provide correct and accurate information to government official.
• Inform others on occurrence of event at public gathering places (like school, shopping Centre, theatre etc.).
• Don’t pay attention to the rum ours and don’t spread rum ours. 

General Precautions During Normal Time

• Do not smoke, lit fire or spark in the identified hazardous area
• Sensitize the community living near the industrial units and they should be more vigilant about the nature of industrial units and associated risks.
• Keep the contact numbers of nearest hazardous industry, fire station, police station, control room, health services and district control room, for emergency use.
• Avoid housing near the industries producing or processing the hazardous chemicals, if possible.
• Participate in all the capacity building programmers organized by the government/ voluntary organizations / industrial units.
• Take part in preparing disaster management plan for the community and identify safe shelter along with safe and easy access routes.
• Prepare a family disaster management plan and explain it to all the family members.
• Make the family/ neighbors aware of the basic characteristics of various poisonous/ hazardous chemicals and the first aid required to treat them.
• Adequate number of personal protective equipment’s needs to be made available, to deal with emergency situation.
• Prepare an emergency kit of items and essentials in the house, including medicines, documents and valuables.

DM :- Earthquakes - Do’s & Don’ts

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Chapter : Disaster Management

Earthquakes: Do’s & Don’ts 

What to Do Before an Earthquake

• Repair deep plaster cracks in ceilings and foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects.
• Anchor overhead lighting fixtures to the ceiling.
• Follow BIS codes relevant to your area for building standards
• Fasten shelves securely to walls.
• Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves.
• Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches.
• Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, settees, and anywhere that people sit.
• Brace overhead light and fan fixtures.
• Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks.
• Secure water heaters, LPG cylinders etc., by strapping them to the walls or bolting to the floor.
• Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves.
• Identify safe places indoors and outdoors.
• Under strong dining table, bed
• Against an inside wall
• Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures, or where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall over
• In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines, flyovers and bridges
• Know emergency telephone numbers (such as those of doctors, hospitals, the police, etc)
• Educate yourself and family members
• PSHA Table at Grid Points 

Have a disaster emergency kit ready

• Battery operated torch with extra batteries
• Battery operated radio
• First aid kit and manual
• Emergency food (dry items) and water (packed and sealed)
• Candles and matches in a waterproof container
• Knife
• Chlorine tablets or powdered water purifiers
• Can opener.
• Essential medicines
• Cash and credit cards
• Thick ropes and cords
• Sturdy shoes 

Develop an emergency communication plan

• In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.
• Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the 'family contact' after the disaster; it is often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person. 

Help your community get ready

• Publish a special section in your local newspaper with emergency information on earthquakes. Localize the information by printing the phone numbers of local emergency services offices and hospitals.
• Conduct week-long series on locating hazards in the home.
• Work with local emergency services and officials to prepare special reports for people with mobility impairment on what to do during an earthquake.
• Provide tips on conducting earthquake drills in the home.
• Interview representatives of the gas, electric, and water companies about shutting off utilities.
• Work together in your community to apply your knowledge to building codes, retrofitting programmes, hazard hunts, and neighborhood and family emergency plans. 

What to Do During an Earthquake

• Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and a larger earthquake might occur. Minimize your movements to a few steps that reach a nearby safe place and stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe. 

If indoors

• DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there is no a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.
• Protect yourself by staying under the lintel of an inner door, in the corner of a room, under a table or even under a bed.
• Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, (such as lighting fixtures or furniture).
• Stay in bed if you are there when the earthquake strikes. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
• Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load bearing doorway.
• Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
• Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on. 

If outdoors

• Do not move from where you are. However, move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires.
• If you are in open space, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings; at exits; and alongside exterior walls. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects. 

If in a moving vehicle

• Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires.
• Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake. 

If trapped under debris

• Do not light a match.
• Do not move about or kick up dust.
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
• Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.

DM :- Cyclone - Do's & Dont's

www.safetygoodwe.com

Chapter : Disaster Management

Cyclone: Do's & Dont's 

Before the Cyclone season

• Check the house; secure loose tiles and carry out repairs of doors and windows
• Remove dead branches or dying trees close to the house; anchor removable objects such as lumber piles, loose tin sheets, loose bricks, garbage cans, sign-boards etc. which can fly in strong winds
• Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded if needed
• Keep a hurricane lantern filled with kerosene, battery operated torches and enough dry cells
• Demolish condemned buildings
• Keep some extra batteries for transistors
• Keep some dry non-perishable food always ready for use in emergency 

Necessary actions 

The actions that need to be taken in the event of a cyclone threat can broadly be divided into :

• Immediately before the cyclone season
• When cyclone alerts and warnings are communicated
• When evacuations are advised
• When the cyclone has crossed the coast 

When the Cyclone starts

• Listen to the radio or authorites communication (All India Radio stations give weather warnings).
• Keep monitoring the warnings. This will help you prepare for a cyclone emergency.
• Pass the information to others.
• Ignore rumours and do not spread them; this will help to avoid panic situations.
• Believe in the official information
• When a cyclone alert is on for your area continue normal working but stay alert to the radio warnings.
• Stay alert for the next 24 hours as a cyclone alert means that the danger is within 24 hours. 

When your area is under cyclone warning get away from low-lying beaches or other low-lying areas close to the coast

• Leave early before your way to high ground or shelter gets flooded
• Do not delay and run the risk of being marooned
• If your house is securely built on high ground take shelter in the safe part of the house. However, if asked to evacuate do not hesitate to leave the place.
• Board up glass windows or put storm shutters in place.
• Provide strong suitable support for outside doors.
• If you do not have wooden boards handy, paste paper strips on glasses to prevent splinters. However, this may not avoid breaking windows.
• Get extra food, which can be eaten without cooking. Store extra drinking water in suitably covered vessels.
• If you have to evacuate the house move your valuable articles to upper floors to minimize flood damage.
• Ensure that your hurricane lantern, torches or other emergency lights are in working condition and keep them handy.
• Small and loose things, which can fly in strong winds, should be stored safely in a room.
• Be sure that a window and door can be opened only on the side opposite to the one facing the wind.
• Make provision for children and adults requiring special diet.
• If the centre of the cyclone is passing directly over your house there will be a lull in the wind and rain lasting for half an hour or so. During this time do not go out; because immediately after that, very strong winds will blow from the opposite direction.
• Switch off the electrical mains in your house.
• Remain calm. 

During a cyclone 

DO NOT venture out even when the winds appear to calm down. The 'eye' of the cyclone might be passing. Winds might intensify and gush again and cause damage. Be safe inside till it is officially announced that the cyclone has passed. 

When Evacuation is instructed

• Pack essentials for yourself and your family to last a few days. These should include medicines, special food for babies and children or elders.
• Head for the proper shelter or evacuation points indicated for your area.
• Do not worry about your property
• At the shelter follow instructions of the person in charge.
• Remain in the shelter until you are informed to leave 

Post-cyclone measures

• You should remain in the shelter until informed that you can return to your home.
• You must get inoculated against diseases immediately.
• Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wires from lamp posts.
• If you have to drive, do drive carefully.
• Clear debris from your premises immediately.
• Report the correct losses to appropriate authorities.

DM :- Landslide - Do's & Dont's

www.safetygoodwe.com

Chapter : Disaster Management 

Landslide:  Do's & Dont's 

We cannot stop disaster but minimize its impact by preparing ourselves better for landslides. The Government of India has made plans to identify the areas where landslides occur repeatedly. This is achieved through Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) maps which shows or demarcates areas by different colors. NDMA has published a guideline on Landslides and Snow Avalanches as given on its website. Following are the precautionary measures for landslides in the form of do's and dont's as given below: 

Do's

• Prepare tour to hilly region according to information given by weather department or news channel.
• Move away from landslide path or downstream valleys quickly without wasting time.
• Keep drains clean,
• Inspect drains for - litter, leaves, plastic bags, rubble etc.
• Keep the weep holes open.
• Grow more trees that can hold the soil through roots,
• Identify areas of rock fall and subsidence of buildings, cracks that indicate landslides and move to safer areas. Even muddy river waters indicate landslides upstream.
• Notice such signals and contact the nearest Tehsil or District Head Quarters.
• Ensure that toe of slope is not cut, remains protected, don't uproot trees unless re-vegetation is planned.
• Listen for unusual sounds such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together.
• Stay alert, awake and active (3A's) during the impact or probability of impact.
• Locate and go to shelters,
• Try to stay with your family and companions.
• Check for injured and trapped persons.
• Mark path of tracking so that you can't be lost in middle of the forest.
• Know how to give signs or how to communicate during emergency time to flying helicopters and rescue team. 

Don'ts

• Try to avoid construction and staying in vulnerable areas.
• Do not panic and loose energy by crying.
• Do not touch or walk over loose material and electrical wiring or pole.
• Do not built houses near steep slopes and near drainage path.
• Do not drink contaminated water directly from rivers, springs, wells but rain water if collected directly without is fine.
• Do not move an injured person without rendering first aid unless the casualty is in immediate danger.