Confined Spaces : Guidance For Chipping Work

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Chapter:- Confined Space

Confined Space - Work Permit

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Chapter : Confined Space 

CS : Confined Space Immediate Emergency Action

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Chapter :- Confined Space  

Confined Space Immediate Emergency Action 

If there is an emergency in a confined space, the people must aware the basic process to help the vistim i.e. If some one falls from height or unconscious in confined space what need to be done immediately.

Immediate Response: 

• Alert and Communication: Immediately alert the emergency response team and communicate the situation clearly. 
• Ensure Safety: Ensure the area is safe to approach. If there are any hazards, address them first to prevent further injuries. 
• Isolation and Lockout/Tagout: Ensure the confined space is isolated and any potential hazards are controlled. 

Rescue Team Activation: 

• Activate Rescue Team: Ensure the trained rescue team is activated and ready to respond. 
• Use Proper Equipment: Utilize appropriate rescue equipment such as harnesses, ropes, and communication devices. 

Assessment: 

• Check for Responsiveness: Approach the person carefully and check if they are responsive. 
• Call for Help: If the person is unresponsive, call emergency services immediately. 

First Aid: 

• Stabilize the Person: Avoid moving the person unless there is an immediate danger (e.g., fire, collapsing structure). Stabilize their head and neck to prevent spinal injuries. 
• CPR: If the person is not breathing, begin CPR if you are trained to do so. 

Monitor and Support: 

• Monitor Vital Signs: Keep monitoring the person’s breathing and pulse until professional help arrives. 
• Provide Comfort: Keep the person warm and as comfortable as possible. 

Initial Assessment and Entry: 

• Assess the Situation: Conduct an initial assessment from outside the confined space to understand the risks. 
• Safe Entry: Only trained personnel should enter the confined space using proper safety gear and following entry protocols. 

Patient Stabilization and Extrication: 

• Stabilize the Person: Provide immediate first aid to stabilize the person, ensuring they have a clear airway and are breathing. 
• Extricate Safely: Carefully extricate the person from the confined space using the appropriate rescue techniques. 

Post-Rescue: 

• Medical Attention: Ensure the person receives professional medical attention as soon as possible. 
• Report and Evaluate: Document the incident and evaluate the response to improve future emergency procedures

CS : Confined Space :- Emergencies Do's and Don'ts

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Chapter : Confined Space 

Confined Space :- Emergencies Do's and Don'ts

Confined spaces can be dangerous places. The brief point below to gives a quick, refresher training on how to stay safe during a confined space emergency to the authorized attendants .

Do's in a Confined Space Emergency

• In a confined space emergency, the first thing you should do is report the situation immediately to the entry supervisor, who will notify the emergency rescue team.
• If the entrants can perform a self-rescue safely, keep in contact with them throughout the entire procedure, and assist them in any way possible without actually entering the space.
• If a nonentry rescue is required and you are trained, equipped, and authorized to perform a nonentry rescue, proceed with this procedure, keeping in constant contact with entrants.
• If the space must be entered to rescue entrants, keep in contact with entrants, if possible, let them know that help is on the way, and wait for the rescue team to arrive.

Don'ts in a Confined Space Emergency:

• Do not leave your post at the entry point to the confined space until the rescue team arrives.
• Do not allow anyone except the designated rescue team to enter a confined space in an emergency.

Importance

• Every year, confined space emergencies lead to many injuries and numerous fatalities.
• Accidents and deaths may be caused by atmospheres in the confined space that are flammable, toxic, or corrosive.

Never allow workers to attempt an entry rescue unless they are specially trained, properly equipped, and authorized to do so.

CS : Confined Space : Hazards & Controls

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Chapter : Confined Space 

Confined Space : Hazards & Controls 

Confined Space refers to any place, including any vessel, tank, container, pit, bund, chamber, cellar or any other similar space which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, creates conditions that give rise to a likelihood of an accident, harm or injury of such a nature as to require emergency action due to the presence or reasonable foreseeable presence of:

• Flammable or explosive atmospheres
• Harmful gas, fume or vapour
• Free flowing solid or an increasing level of liquid
• Excess of oxygen
• Excessively high temperature
• Lack or reasonably foreseeable lack of oxygen.

Hazards associated with confined spacesinclude:

Toxic Atmosphere

A toxic atmosphere may cause various acute effects, including impairment of judgement, unconsciousness and death. A toxic atmosphere may occur due to the presence or ingress of hazardous substances. These substances may be present in the Confined Space for various reasons such as:

• Remaining from previous processing or storage
• Arising from the disturbance of sludge and other deposits
• The presence of a fire or flames within the space
• Seepage from improperly isolated adjoining plant
• Formation during the work processes carried out in the space
• Being released from under scale and in brickwork as a result of the work process

Oxygen Deficiency

Oxygen can be lacking a confined space for the following reasons:

• Displacement of air by another gas
• Various biological processes or chemical reactions (such as rotting of organic matter, rusting of metals, burning, etc)
• Absorption of air onto steel surfaces, especially where these are damp

Oxygen Enrichment

An excess of oxygen, in the presence of combustible materials, results in an increased risk of fire and explosion. Some materials, which do not burn in air, may burn vigorously or even spontaneously in an enriched oxygen atmosphere.

Flammable or Explosive Atmospheres

A flammable atmosphere presents a risk of fire or explosion. Such an atmosphere can arise from the presence in the confined space of flammable liquids or gases or of a suspension of combustible dust in air. If a flammable atmosphere inside a confined space ignites, an explosion may occur, resulting in the expulsion of hot gases and the disintegration of the structure.

Flowing Liquid or Free Flowing Solids

Liquids or solids can flow into the confined space causing drowning, suffocation, burns and other injuries.  Solids in powder form may also be disturbed in a confined space resulting in an asphyxiating atmosphere.

Excessive Heat

The enclosed nature of a confined space can increase the risk of heat stroke or collapse from heat stress, if conditions are excessively hot. The risk may be exacerbated by the wearing of personal protective equipment or by lack of ventilation.

Key elements of a safe system of work for a confined space

The key elements to be considered when drawing up a safe system of work are:

• Competence, training, supervision and suitability
• Permit-to-work procedure
• Gas purging and ventilation
• Dangerous residues
• Testing and monitoring of the atmosphere
• Mechanical, electrical and process isolation
• Respiratory protective equipment
• Other personal protective equipment
• Safe use of work equipment
• Communications
• Access and egress
• Flammable or explosive atmospheres
• Combustible materials.

Confined Space

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Chapter : Confined Space

Confined Space

Any enclosure having a limited means of entry & exil and it is not designed for continuous occupancy. There will be a presence of any hazardous substances such as flammable and toxic gases, oxygen deficiency, hot ar humid atmosphere or any combination of it.

Examples: Process vessels, Tanks, Bins, Stacks, Large pipe, Duct, Pits & Trench etc. Any excavation with depth more than 1.2 meter.

Common Confined Space Hazards

A confined space may have one or combination of the following hazards:

• Oxygen deficiency
• Presence ol lammable, combustible or pyrophoric materials (HC, Sludge etc.)
• Presence ol toxic gases, corrosive or hazardous materials (H25, Co, NH3 elc.)
• Poor lllumination, Ventilation & Communication.
• High temperature and humidity,
• Limited entry & exit / Restricted access.
• Restricted movement inside.
• Falling / Tripping hazards
• Presence of reactive or sell-igniting material.
• Hazard due to electricity or moving machinery.
• Hazard due to pressurized fluid.
• Hazard due to nature of work carried out inside confined space,

Key Control Measures For Working in a confined space entry

• Any enclosure having a limited means of entry & exit and it is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. 
• Before entering in the confined space, must need to obtained a confined space entry work permit, make sure that all required isolation being done.
• Frequently gas 1est is to be carried out to confirm that area is free of toxic gas or flammable atmosphere.
• If the area is contaminated or it has oxygen deficiency the provided breathing appartus sets or air line respiratory system,
• Conduct pre-task meeting for the employees who will be entering inside the confined area and gel there signature to conform that they are aware of the hazards and safety measures,
• The attendant (Stand by man) to assigned at the entrance. A log book shall be maintained at the entrance to keep track of the people inside the space. The attendant shall not be assigned to other duiies. If an emergency occurs within the confined space, the standby person must not enter it until rescue team arrived.
• The entering people should use body harness with lifeline lor the emergency rescue purpose.
• Any required electrical lighting or tools should not exceed more than 24 volts and attached with GFCI / ELCB. It should be intrinsically safe or explosive proof.
• Barricade the area with warning sign board.

Safe procedure for entering a confined space hazards

1. Permit must be procured form operations, making sure of the following.
• Complete isolation of the space to be entered.
• Draining, depressurization and purging or cleaning should be performed.
• Gas lest should be conducted 1o ensure no hazardous atmosphere is preseni.
• Space ventilation.
2. A Pre task meeting must be conducted with all authorized entrants prior to entering confined space.
3. The attendant (Stand by man) shall be assigned al the entrance to maintain communication with employees working inside to ensure their safety, A log book shall be maintained at the entrance to keep track of the people inside the space,
4. Salety attendant must be trained and authorized to use gas testing equipment.
5. Entrants must wear body harness, and it necessary a life line be attached to the harness to avoid entry-rescue.
6. Lighting should be provided, if necessary a maximum ol 24 volts, lighting should beused attached a GFCI,
7. Only intrinsically safe or explosion<procf equipment shall be used inside.
8. Depending on the situation, emergency rescue {eam may be pul on standby,
9. It an emergency occurs within the confined space, the standby person must not enter it until rescue team arrived.
10. Barricade the area with warning sign board.