SP : Introductory & Refresher Training Sessions Using Three R’s

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Chapter : Safety Training

Introductory & Refresher Training Sessions Using Three R’s

Introductory  Program with These Three R’s:- 

A truly effective safety program is one that encourages continual learning and improvement. Here’s how to create a training program that consistently reinforces your safety training.

Workers don’t need you to put on a Broadway-quality song-and-dance routine every time they need training. What workers really need is for you to give them what they need to know to do their jobs, in a way that they can understand. So when you’re planning your training sessions, focus on these three R’s:

Relevance. 

Workers will tune you out if they can’t see how what you’re saying applies to them or will help them with their jobs. Make sure to establish early on exactly why they need to know the information you’re giving them. Does it pertain to:

• A specific machine they will operate?
• A piece of equipment they will use?
• A job task they will perform or a hazard they will face?

If it’s something less obvious, you may have to draw the connection out with more care: Why, for example, do workers who will not enter a confined space need to know what a confined space is? They need to know because not knowing could put their lives in danger. If they can see how your training matters to their jobs and their lives, they’ll pay better attention.

Repetition. 

When you’re learning a new skill, do you just try it once and then walk away? For example, if you took up playing the guitar, would you learn everything you needed to know in a single session? For any sort of learning, repetition improves the retention of the information, and practice improves the execution of a skill. Make sure that workers have more than one chance to hear information they need to know and more than one opportunity to practice skills they need on the job. Repetition spaced over intervals works better in the long run than closely spaced repetition, so don’t feel that you need to cram everything into an hour. Short training sessions at 2- to 3-week intervals will imbed the information into workers’ minds more permanently than a single, annual marathon session.

Reinforcement. 

Another key to learning is not just to repeat the material but to reinforce it in as many different circumstances as possible. If you tell workers how to find chemical safety information in a classroom training session, go out onto the floor and ask if they have used that skill—or ask them to demonstrate it. If you catch workers using respirator cleaning wipes to wipe down their respirators properly before storing them, tell them you’re glad to see them using what they know to protect themselves. Training that never makes it past the classroom door is useless: Look for workers to apply what they know on the job.

Retraining Program with These Three R’s:- 

Revise

The information you gave to workers may go out of date quickly, or conditions in the workplace may change after training is completed. Are you changing out a hazardous chemical for a less hazardous one? Adapting your forklifts to run on batteries rather than propane? Installing newer machines with updated guards? Be sure to regularly revisit your training materials and update them—and then pass along those updates to workers.

Review

Workers have a lot on their minds. Everyday concerns can crowd out the things they need to be thinking about in order to work safely. Regular review sessions, in the form of toolbox talks, impromptu chats on the work floor, paycheck stuffers, posters and signage, can all help to remind workers of what they need to know and do to work safely.

Retrain

Sometimes, you’ll need to conduct a formal retraining session—either because the applicable OSHA standard requires it or because you’ve observed something that suggests to you that workers could benefit from a thorough refresher course. When you conduct a formal retraining course, make sure to highlight:
Some lagging indicators you should track include:

• Any new or updated material
• Any problems that you have observed putting the information and skills into practice
• Any changes that have been made to the workplace in order to improve safety

Training is an essential component of your safety program, and like any broad program, it has a lot of pieces.

SP : Train Employees For Potential Types of Emergencies

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Chapter : Safety Training

Train Employees For Potential Types of Emergencies  

 

When it comes to emergencies, you might ask yourself, how can I possibly prepare all of my employees for all possible disasters that can arise? Training for every conceivable emergency can seem daunting. How are you supposed to know what to train and at what frequency?

Planning

An emergency in the workplace is any situation that threatens the lives of workers, customers, or the public. The emergency can disrupt or shut down operations, cause physical or environmental damage, and can be either natural or man-made. Planning for all potential emergencies will help both you and your employees be ready for unexpected situations.
The size of your facility and workforce will determine your training requirements. However, everyone in your business must be trained on all of the functions and elements of your emergency action plan (EAP) and the types of emergencies that could potentially occur at work. The EAP must include information for your employees, including:

• Potential types of emergencies;
• Reporting procedures;
• Alarm systems;
• Evacuation plans; and
• Shutdown procedures.

Make sure to include any special hazards specific to your facility, including any toxic chemicals, flammable materials, radioactive sources, or water-reactive substances. Employees must be aware of any potential fire hazards, and you must review the parts of your fire prevention plan needed for self-protection with each employee.

Training

Concerning emergency preparedness, general training for employees must cover:

• Individual roles and responsibilities;
• Threats, hazards, and protective actions;
• Notification, warning, and communications procedures;
• Means for locating family members in an emergency;
• Emergency response procedures;
• Evacuation, shelter, and accountability procedures;
• Location and use of common emergency equipment; and
• Emergency shutdown procedures.

Employees must know when and how to sound an alarm in the event of an emergency, recognize when an alarm is activated, notify emergency personnel, and know what to do for each alarm type when it is sounded. Evacuation routes and exits must be well-known to employees and clearly laid out in floor plans of your building displayed throughout your facility.
If you have a fire extinguisher or other equipment used in the EAP on-site, you must provide employees with an educational program at initial employment and retrain them annually. Communicate relevant fire hazards and self-protection procedures in the event of a fire to your employees.

Teamwork

Your employees must also know who is in charge in the event of an emergency. Who is the emergency coordinator? Who are the evacuation wardens?
The emergency coordinator is in charge of making decisions during emergencies. An evacuation warden is responsible for moving people out of one area to safety. Generally, one warden per 20 employees should be adequate. The wardens must be trained in the complete workplace layout and the various alternative escape routes.
You should appoint a team of employees to assist the emergency coordinator. The team must be specially trained for potential emergencies and know how to effectively carry out specific duties, including:

• Use of various types of fire extinguishers;
• First aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA);
• Requirements of the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard;
• Shutdown procedures;
• Chemical spill control procedures;
• Search and emergency rescue procedures; and
• Hazardous materials emergency response.

Employees expected to administer medical aid must be trained and given adequate supplies to administer first aid when necessary. These employees should be trained in first-aid procedures, including:

• Protection against bloodborne pathogens;
• Respiratory protection, including use of an escape-only respirator; and
• Methods for preventing unauthorized access to the site.

When to Train

You must review the EAP with all of your employees when the initial plan is developed and when each employee is initially assigned to a job. Train employees on the EAP when you:

• Develop your initial plan;
• Hire new employees;
• Introduce new equipment, materials, or processes into the workplace that affect evacuation routes;
• Change the layout or design of the facility; and
• Revise or update your emergency procedures.

If your EAP changes, or employee responsibilities change under the plan, you are required to review the EAP with all employees again. Employees should always be up to date with your emergency policies and functions. Keep in mind that if training is not reinforced, it will be forgotten. Though not required by regulation, it’s a good idea to retrain employees on the EAP annually.

Drill and Review

It’s your responsibility to make sure all of your employees know the EAP and are familiar with evacuation routes, shutdown procedures, and what to do for each potential disaster at your facility.

After you have properly trained employees and reviewed your EAP with them, it’s a smart idea to hold practice drills for possible emergencies as often as is needed to keep employees prepared. 

These drills can be coordinated with outside emergency personnel, such as fire and law enforcement services.

Following each drill, meet with your upper management staff and evaluate the drills. 

• How well did your drill go? 
• Did all of your employees know what to do when the alarm sounded? 
• Did everyone make it out of the building in a safe and timely manner? 
• How well did your emergency coordinator, evacuation wardens, and emergency team perform? 

Discuss strengths and weaknesses in your drills, and create a plan for improvements. By planning, training, and using teamwork, you and your employees will be ready when disaster strikes.

SP : Safety Training Is a Sound Investment

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Chapter : Safety Training

Safety Training Is a Sound Investment

There's a direct relationship between an organization's training programs and its growth, competitiveness, safety record, and financial success. 

Here are some reasons training in general, and safety training in particular, is a good investment:

• 
  Safety training reduces accidents and protects employees from injuries and illness, saving the company the cost of lost time, diminished productivity, and increased insurance premiums.
• Training also assists in compliance with OSH standards and decreases the chance of being cited and fined for safety and health violations.
• Training in general increases employee job satisfaction, motivation, and morale.
• Happy, motivated, safe, and well-trained employees are loyal employees, which means turnover goes down.
• Employee training and development provides you with a pool of skilled and knowledgeable people who can move up in the organization and fill critical jobs and perform critical functions.
• Training helps your organization ride the crest of technological change and innovation.
• Well-trained, highly skilled employees are more efficient, productive, and creative.
• Training helps you manage risks such as sexual harassment, workplace violence, and discrimination.
• A trained workforce provides the human resources to expand into new markets and seize opportunities in a highly competitive and fluid global economy.
• Training helps develop a positive organizational culture in which confident, knowledgeable, creative employees are poised to provide superior products and services to customers.

Keep Your Refresher Training Fresh

Periodic refresher training is required by many Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. And even when it isn't, refresher training is essential for keeping skills sharp and preventing a dangerous sense of complacency. Varying your techniques during refresher training will keep learners engaged. Do you dread doing yet another refresher training session on an oft-repeated topic?

Here are a few suggestions on how to accomplish this:

• Do a demonstration (e.g., demonstrate the effectiveness of a steel-toe shoe by dropping a weight on it).
• Incorporate real-life accident or near-miss stories.
• Have learners pair off and do an activity, such as a joint lift of a heavy object.
• Show slides of different work areas, equipment, and operations related to your topic, and ask learners to identify any hazards they see as the slides click by. This “safety scanning” technique encourages and trains employees to continuously look out for hazards.
• Send trainees on a workplace scavenger hunt to look for and record as many hazards as they can find.
• Bring in props that learners can see and touch, such as a damaged tool that is unsafe, a hazardous chemical container that is missing a label, or samples of personal protective equipment (PPE) for inspection.

Why It Matters

• By its very nature as repeated material, refresher training can be an activity that workers feel is unnecessary.
• If workers feel they don’t need this training again, they may engage in presenteeism (i.e. being present at training sessions but not paying attention).
• You need to overcome this bad attitude by impressing on workers that the very reason refresher training is needed is that the topics are serious enough to merit reminders and verifications that workers know how to work safely in these operations or on this equipment.

Ways to Increase Training Payback

To make sure your employee training is always successful and cost-effective whether you're training for safety or to develop other critical competencies you need to:

• Make training on ongoing process, and reassess training needs frequently to make sure you're meeting today's needs, not yesterday's.
• Encourage employees to talk about their training needs and request additional training.
• Provide employees with opportunities to use newly learned skills on the job.
• Make sure your training is comprehensive, interesting, and interactive, and gives employees the chance to practice new skills in a safe setting.
• Send employees back to work with learning aids such as checklists, step-by-step instructions, and safety reminders that help them safely and effectively transfer newly learned skills to their job.

SP : Safety Onboarding: Employee's First Few Days In Organisation

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Chapter : Safety Training

Safety Onboarding: Employee's First Few Days  In Organisation 

A new employee's first few days on the job are a crucial time for conveying essential safety information and establishing a proper orientation to workplace safety.

Whether one been in the business for many years or a new employee, there's always a 'First Day on the Job'; a new project for experienced timers, which may or may not be different from last job, and for some, a brand new job safety orientation for onboarding employees help them to understand the organisational safety polices & guidelines.

During that time, someone-either your safety staff, the new employee's supervisor, or an experienced employee appointed by the supervisor must:

• Reinforce the message about the organization's commitment to safety.
• Explain your accident prevention programs.
• Talk about hazard reporting procedures and the need to report hazards spotted anywhere in the facility, not just the employee's own work area
• Discuss PPE selection, inspection, and use requirements.
• Talk about safety signage and other information that helps keep workers safe.
• Discuss in more detail safety policies, rules, and procedures related to the new worker's job.
• Preview upcoming training and talk about training schedules.
• Encourage and answer any questions new hires have about their safety on the job.

Training Getting  To New Hires Getting

Organisational safety orientation program and the importance you give to safety generally say a lot about the importance of safety in workplace. And remember-even if they don't say so, the majority of new employees are deeply concerned about their safety on the job.

Consider the ways to show new hires how important safety is in workplace. For example:

• Does top management play a visible role in workplace safety, supporting and facilitating safety programs and initiatives?
• Does your organization integrate safe work practices with other job expectations?
• Is safety performance evaluated as part of an employee's overall job performance?
• Do you promote an employee-driven safety culture that listens to and acts on employees' safety suggestions and concerns?
• Do you have an active and empowered safety committee?
• Do you maintain a clean and orderly workplace and create a comfortable environment for employees to work in?
• Do supervisors enforce safety rules consistently?

Organisation safety on any job is important, so let's discuss the types of personal protective equipment need to used Examples: 

• Hard hats are designed to protect your head, and statistics prove that they prevent most serious head injuries -- WEAR YOURS! 
• Eye protection is required when there is any possibility of an eye injury -- safety glasses, mono goggles and cutting goggles will protect your eyes but they must be WORN, not carried in your pocket. 
• Other types of protective equipment include hearing protection, respirators, harnesses, lifelines, Footand proper work clothes. All of these are important to your safety and should be used as required.

Good housekeeping is a must! Make sure you keep your work area picked up and dispose of trash as needed. 

• Keep aisles and walkways clear of obstructions. 
• Always inspect your electrical and hand tools prior to use. 
• When you are required to use a ladder check it out 
• Inspect it for any damage 
• Make sure it's the right size for the job 
• Never stand on the top two rungs or steps.

• If you're using a metal ladder keep a sharp eye out for overhead power lines coming in contact with them can be deadly

Communicate 

Share the list of  hazardous materials are in use on the job. i.e.  Copies of material safety data sheets are available and should be reviewed if you have any question about the handling or protective gear necessary when using any hazardous material. Always read the label on containers so you know what you're using.

Instruction :- 

If you find anything wrong or damaged, let your supervisor know and tag the tool 'NEEDS REPAIR - DO NOT USE'. 

The bottom line is that your safety is a top priority, whether you're an old timer or new on the job.

Think 'SAFETY FIRST', wear protective gear as required, use common sense and good judgment, and check with your supervisor if you have any questions or concerns.

EVERY TOOL HAS A PLACE - RETURN IT WHEN YOU'RE THROUGH. IF IT'S DAMAGED, TAG IT AND TAKE IT OUT OF SERVICE.

SP :- Safety Training

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Chapter : Safety Training 

Safety Training

OSH law requires that you receive training in the safe methods of doing your job. You need to know about workplace the hazards that are present, how to recognize them and how to control your exposure. Being aware of potential hazards, as well as knowing how to control them, is critical to maintaining a safe and healthful work environment and preventing injuries. The best way to gain this knowledge is through education and training.

Safety Awarness Training  :- Safety Training :- 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lAxQhpBAIxJJCimMrQgcbA_z5_wxuS5j/view?usp=drive_web

Education & Training

• 
  Education teaches us why safe practices and procedures are important; education affects attitudes about safety, and attitudes affect behavior
• Training, on the other hand, provides the skills necessary for working safely. You need to know; the safety and health rules, how to identify any worksite hazards, safe work procedures and what to do in an emergency. New employee orientations, periodic safety and health training, and emergency drills will build this knowledge
• A written safety training program must enforce the educational aspects of training and demonstrates our commitment to safety
• Written training material will also help to better comprehend and retain training concepts

Training provides the following benefits:

• Makes you aware of job hazards
• Teaches you to perform jobs safely
• Promotes two-way communication
• Encourages safety suggestions
• Creates interest in the safety program
• Fulfills OSH requirements

Four examples that demonstrate you have been educated and trained about the importance of workplace health and safety programs:

• You know what workplace hazards could harm you
• You know how to control or eliminate your exposure to workplace hazards
• You know and understand OSH regulations pertinent to the job you are doing
• You, your supervisors, and your managers understand all safety and health responsibilities

SAFETY TRAINING STEPS

Preparation

• Select a topic. Use a priority sequence. Accidents/incidents, demonstrated lack of skills, required or mandatory training (e.g., fall protection, ladders and stairways.)
• Chose a good location to train
• Research the subject; include company policies and procedures
• If a new subject, ask what the audience already knows (so you can avoid covering that information in great detail)

Presentation

• Talk about what is going to be taught
• Tell why the subject (or training) is important
• Describe safety procedures, general to specific
• If necessary, demonstrate safety procedures; one step at a time
• Repeat steps if necessary; be patient

Involvement

• Get workers involved in the discussion; encourage questions
• In demonstrations:
• Ask worker to perform procedures
• Correct any errors immediately; address performance not person
• Practice until you and the worker are confident

Follow Up

• Observe worker performing safety procedures on the job
• Ask for feed-back; encourage questions
• Give feedback on performances
• Decrease observation over time as appropriate

The benefits of documentation:

Experienced workers know that putting things in writing has benefits far more valuable than just avoiding an OSH citation. Putting things in writing has value in legal proceedings, in employment matters, in dealings with other government agencies, and recording the progress toward achieving a safe, healthful workplace.

The quality of training may become an issue in legal cases where a defense of unpreventable employee misconduct is raised. Under case law, the company may successfully defend themselves against an otherwise valid citation, by showing that all feasible steps were taken to avoid the occurrence of the hazard, and that actions of the employee involved in the violation, “were a departure from a uniformly and effectively enforced work rule that the employee had been trained on. 

Documenting safety training (putting it in writing) may be the company’s only proof of compliance with OSH requirements, or that you were trained in the area in contention.

Supervisors and managers also need education and training to help them in their leadership roles, and to enhance their skills in identifying and controlling hazards.