HM : Job Hazard Analysis

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Chapter : Hazard Management 

Job Hazard Analysis

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A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a method that can be used to identify, analyze and record.

It is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. After identifying the uncontrolled hazards, we will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.

A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness.

Importance of  hazard analysis important

Many workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day due to unsafe work condition. To eliminate unsafe work condition and to ensure safety of employees/ subcontractor while working at jobsite by identifying the activity specific hazards and control.

Types of hazards can be considered for completing a JHA:

• Impact with a falling or flying object.
• Penetration of sharp objects.
• Caught in or between a stationary/moving object.
• Falls from an elevated work platform, ladders or stairs.
• Excessive lifting, twisting, pushing, pulling, reaching, or bending.
• Exposure to vibrating power tools, excessive noise, cold or heat, or harmful levels of gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, or dusts.
• Repetitive motion.
• Electrical hazards.
• Light (optical) radiation (i.e. welding operations, etc.).
• Water (potential for drowning or fungal infections caused by wetness).

When to conduct a JHA?

• Every day before starting the work at job site.
• When a new job is to be established.

Who has to conduct JHA?

It is the responsibility of the supervisor or directly in charge of the job to ensure a JHA is completed. All site employees and subcontractors must be involved while conducting job site specific JHA’s.

JHA technique

• Identify / Select the job/ activity with the highest risk for a workplace injury or illnessto be analyzed.
• The steps involved in performing a specific job, Break the job down into a sequence of steps.
• The existing or potential safety and health hazards associated with each step
• Identify the potential hazards involve select an experienced employee who is willing to be observed. Involve the employee and his/her immediate supervisor in the process.
• Identify and record each step necessary to accomplish the task. Use an action verb (i.e. pick up, turn on) to describe each step.
• Identify all actual or potential safety and health hazards associated with each task.
• Determine and record the recommended action(s) or procedure(s) for performing each step that will eliminate or reduce the hazard and the risk of a workplace injury or illness. (i.e. engineering changes, job rotation, PPE, etc.)
• The recommended action(s)/procedure(s) that will eliminate or reduce these hazards
• Determine preventive methods as per hierarchy of control to overcome these hazards.
• Document the results on JHA board.

How to conduct JHA?

• Step 1- Involve employees & subcontractors to conduct a preliminary job/ activity review
• Step 2- Review with employees for worksites history of accidents and occupational illnesses.
• Step 3- List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous job/ activities.
• Step 4- Outline the steps or tasks.
• Step 5- Outline the workplace hazards.
• Step 6- List out the control measures which need to eliminate/ control the hazard.
• Step 7- Make available of JHA boards and display it at workplace where it can be easily accessible for all employees to read it.
• Step 8 -Write down permanent hazard (which are identified at jobsite or which is client scope) on JHA board in local or any other language which can be easily understood by employees, subcontractors and visitors who visiting to site.
• Step 9- Mention control measures as per hierarchy of control to be taken on JHA Board.
• Step 10- Work related hazards which are identified prior to start job on each day shall communicate to each employee & contractors, record of the same to be maintained as well as display these identified hazards with its control measures on JHA board.

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Determining the Preventive Measures or Controls

1. Elimination :- Physically remove the hazards
2. Substitution :-  Replace the hazards
3. Engineering Controls :- Isolate people from the hazards
4. Administrative Control : Change the way people work
5. PPEs : Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment’s  

Follow-up

Once the JHA is completed and all identified hazards have been considered and controls determined. The Supervisor shall be responsible for ensuring the implementation with employees/ subcontractor.

Recording

The Supervisor, Engineer, Project Manager or Nominee shall ensure that all identified hazards with control measure to be maintained on JHA Board.

Reviewing JHA

A sample of JHA’s shall be reviewed on daily basis. If any changes should be marked on JHA Board and communicate it to all site employees/ subcontractor employees.

 

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