Basic Safety, Health & Environment Knowledge

Basic Safety, Health & Environment Knowledge (SHE/HSE/EHS)

Definition of HSE Components

SHE, HSE & EHS is an Compliance Management.

Safety – The freedom from the risk, danger or injury at the workplace.

Organization: The Company or institution, firm that has his own function and administration setup.

Workplace: Any place or location, where work should be performed under the management of organization.

SHE Policy – Management commitment towards organization SHE objective and vision. SHE policy has clear direction and strategies for the hse management. 

Hazard: Any source or situation or unsafe act with a possible for damage in terms of human health and injury, or a combination of these. 

Hazard identification: process of identifying the existing hazards at the workplace and defining its characteristics.

Risk: combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s) 

Risk assessment: combination of the likelihood of an incidence of an exposure(s) and the severity of ill health or injury that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)

What is a safety program?

Safety program is an important tool to provide safety awareness to the workers and employees at the workplace with the help of SOP, safety procedure and knowledgeable content.

What are 4 Ps

• Procedure – Rules, regulation
• Protective gear – PPE
• Promotional aspects – Competitions, rewards
• Publicity – Bulleting, posters

Safety Triangle – Green?

• Safety day – 4th March
• Fire Day – 14th April
• Hot Work – Red or pink
• Cold Work – Green
• Confined – Blue
• Radiography – Yellow
• Water type extinguisher – Red
• Foam type extinguisher – Cream (green)
• Co2 extinguisher Black
• DCR extinguisher Blue

PDCA Approach

What are the four legs of fire safety?

• Fire protection
• Fire prevention
  
• Quantity control
• Preventive Maintenance

How many types of signboards

• Mandatory
• Information
• Fire or explosion
• Caution
• Wiring

What five rules are of forth jobs?

• Select the right ladders forth job
• Inspect the ladder before you see it
• Setup the ladder with care
• Climb in carefully
• Use safe practices

How many steps in safety?

There are 4 steps in safety

• Policy
• Implementation
• Take advantages of factory act
• Safe working conditions.

How many types of appliances?

• Safety appliance for PPE
• Safety appliance for general protection

Write a brief about the classification of fire?

They are mainly five types of fire.

• Class A Fire: paper, wood, clothes, fabric, rubbers, etc.
• Class B Fire: lubricant oil, petroleum product, grease, paint etc.
• Class C Fire: Acetylene, ethane, methane etc.
• Class D Fire: Sodium, magnesium, potassium etc.
• Class E Fire : Electrical equipment etc.
• Class K Fire : Cooking / Kicthen (edible oil fire) 

Risk assessment: the process of assessing the risk(s) rising from a hazard(s), taking into account the suitability of any existing controls measures, and determining whether or not the risk(s) is satisfactory.

Document: The information and administrative control or its supporting medium

Corrective action: The action on the observed hazards and eliminate the non-conformity.

What is the factory act?

The factor act is the legislation established by the government for the industry/factory.

What are the main safety provisions in the factory act?

The factory inspector should be verifying the hours of work, safety and health arrangements, welfare facilities, procedure and emergency plan.

What are the duties of a factory inspector?

• Document verification of factory workers.
• Factory inspection.
• Verify proper welfare arrangements.
• License and registration of factories.

What are the welfare measures of the factory act?

• Provide Satisfactory and appropriate washing facilities
• Proper sitting arrangement for the workers.
• Canteen facility for the above 250 workers.
• Drinking water and shelters arrangement for workers.
• Appointment of welfare office for above 50 workers.

What is ELCB?

ELCB is a protection device, which is preventing injuries, permanent disability or death from the faulty current and live conductor.

What is earthling?

Earthling means linking the usual point of the source system to the general frame of the earth by line

Precaution for electric shock

• Use PPE’s such as safety shoe, gun boots, hand gloves etc.
• The electric holder must be fully insulted
• Proper protection for the body
• During chipping of slag use white goggles

What precautions are necessary in electrical work?

• All electrical product installation must be as per the Indian electricity rules
• The only authorized person should to allow install/handle the electrical equipment’s.
• The equipment’s should be earthed properly
• All temporary electric lines should be tired above 7 feet.
• The cable should be completely insulted
• The cable should not have any joints
• Only connection for one point
• Good housekeeping on the area
• Firefighting equipment’s need to be kept near the workplace.
• Use rubber gloves and rubber boots
• Use good quality of wire
• Power isolation close to the job
• Always operate electrical equipment with dry hands.
• Never stand a wet surface while working electrical equipment’s
• Proper signboard is necessary
• Switch off the power before starting any electrical work.
• The switch shall only be put on by person who switched it off

How to erect scaffolding?

• It should be erected on levels firm ground
• It erected by trained/skilled person
• It is constructed using metal pipes and wooden boards
• It should be design and constructed from good and sound material
• Not to be erected on loose earth
• Clamps should be fixed.
• Properly bracing
• Soleplate is necessary the base of vertical pipe

What are the Safety precautions of the scaffold?

• Wooden board not be painted
• Than wooden board should not to any cracks
• Check for rust in pipes/clamps
• Clamps should be fixed and good quality
• Boards thickness should be 3.4 cms and no bending
• The construction must be rigid, properly based
• Use of good and sound materials
• The wooden bellies have not joints
• Vertical poles should not be more than 6 feet
• Chains, ropes used for the suspension of scaffoldings
• Never throw any materials from the height
• Use safety harness while working at above 6 feet
• Properly ties to be an arrangement

Precaution of excavation?

• Excavation area should be a suitable barricade
• Put sign boards lights and flags
• Avoid heavy vehicle coming near the sides
• PPE like helmet, safety shoes should be used
• Keep the excavated soil at least 5 feet distance
• Excavated sides should be sloped bake to a safe angle
• Hand excavation should be done at the present of UG pipes or cables place
• Cutting shall be done from top to bottom
• All narrow trenches 4 feet or deeper shall be supplied at least one ladder
• While excavating on the slope on the slope whose height is over 10 feet men should use safety belts

Handing of compressed gas cylinders?

• They are not to be dragged or dropped
• They should be stored in dry and well-ventilated places
• Chins and slings should not be used for lifting cylinders.
• The caps of the cylinders should not be removed when they are not the use.
• Cylinders should not be stored near hot sources
• Acetylene cylinders should not be stored horizontally
• Empty cylinders and fully cylinders should be stored separately
• Leakage cylinders removed to open space and release the gas without getting ignited.

Storage of gas cylinders.

• Gas Cylinders storage area should be well ventilated, dry and safe.
• Gas Cylinders should be stored safely with horizontally.
• Acetylene gas cylinders should be stored vertically.
• Cylinders must be secured properly with chain link to avoid falling
• All flammable gas cylinders should be stored away from the building and maintain minimum a 50 feet distance.
• Oxygen cylinder shall never be stored necessary flammable gas cylinder
• The empty cylinder shall be identified by marking with chalk (MT) and checked for damage before returning to suppliers.
• Cylinders should not be kept as supports.

Safety rules ensuring oxygen cylinders?

• Oxygen cylinders should not place near the combustible materials.
• Always use PPEs’ (Gloves) while handing Oxygen cylinders.
• Inspection and testing of the cylinder should be done with oil-based soap solution.
• Other flammable gas cylinders should not kept in one place.
• Use a safety cap on gas cylinders while not in use.
• Proper ventilation provides on cylinder storage area.
• Use a cylinder trolley for the movement.

Safety rules in using compressed air?

• Only authorized persons should use compressed air.
• Avoid using compressed air for the body or clothes cleaning.
• Compressed air hose pipes should not be placed across passageways
• The leakage of compressed air should not be tested with hands.
• While working with tools run by compressed air safety shoes are to be used.
• The tools should not be kept on position when not in use.

How does the workers’ health influence?

• The worker’s health effects by occupational aspects, such as environmental, physical, chemical, biological and social conditions.
• Non occupational factors such as water, cloth, food, camps, alcohol and smoking, etc.

What is a safety survey?

Safety survey is designed to inspect the unsafe condition and environment at the workplace, which is related to workers health.

What is the safety inventory system?

Safety data collecting method and carried out to endorse full employee collaboration conditions in the carrying out of the company’s safety surveys. Types of Hazards

Physical Hazards – These are the most common hazards and they include slips, trips and falls, entanglement, noise, vibration, harmful energy sources, working from height.

Example- (slips, trips and falls, entanglement, noise, vibration, harmful energy sources)

Mechanical Hazards –These are usually created by moving machinery that can cause injury or death. Hazards happen in three areas, workplace, power transmission and protruding & moving parts.

Example – (moving parts, friction, abrasion, cutting, severing, shearing, stabbing, puncturing, impact, crushing, noise, vibration, etc)

Chemical Hazards – When a workers is exposed to any kind of chemicals in the workplace/storage/handing areas, strictly implementation of MSDS is mandatory, workers who are more sensitive to chemicals can cause illness, skin irritation, breathing problems and eye infection.

Example – (inhalation, contact with or ingestion of chemicals)

Biological Hazards – Workers who work with other employees, with animals or with infected materials can be exposed to biological hazards, include the viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites.

Example – (contact with allergens or pathogens such as bacteria or viruses, etc)

Ergonomic Hazards – This is very important, including attentions of total physiological demands of the job upon the worker, even important than productivity, health, and safety of the workers and employees.

Example – (Improperly adjusted workstations, Poor posture, Vibration. manual handling, repetitive movement, etc)

Psychosocial Hazards – A Psychosocial Hazards is a work stress and its effect the Psychosocial and physical well-being of the workers and their ability to perform the work.

Example – (threat of physical violence, bullying or intimidation)

General Safety DO’s & DONT’s

DO’s

1. Undergo EHS induction Training before entering into project site/ ensure all your employees received EHS induction Training
2. Provide and ensure proper use of PPE such as Safety shoe, Safety helmet, Safety shoes, Safety gloves, Safety belt (when working at height) etc by all the employees in the project
3. Comply with method statement wherever applicable
4. Ensure “Work Permit” before the start of activities such as work at height, Hot work, Deep excavation etc.,
5. Ensure all activities related to Electrical energy is handled by a competent person/authorized electrician only
6. Ensure that proper lugs are provided to welding cables
7. Ensure that proper wedging/locking of wheels is done for mobile scaffold/Concrete Mixer / Transport vehicles before starting the work activity
8. Ensure proper barricading/ covering where there is a danger of fall of persons/ fall of material from top.
9. Check front, back and bottom of the vehicle before starting to move the vehicle
10. Watch vehicle movement and cautions while walking in the project area.
11. Clean and kept workplace neat and tidy and remove all wastage/scrap from the work spot after completion of each work without delay.
12. Weekly check the first – Aid box.
13. Reverse horn for heavy vehicle.
14. Ensure license for vehicles drivers, earth moving equipment’s, etc.
15. Ensure fire extinguishers, fire bucket, etc in good condition.
16. Ensure Ladders should be installed properly.
17. Ensure electrical cable height should be more than 7 fit from ground level.

DONT’s

1. Smoke in the project premises
2. Drink liquor in the project premises
3. Use open place for Toilets (Use Toilets provided in the project site)
4. Run the vehicle beyond 10 Km ph speed
5. Play with Hazardous chemicals
6. Removing of guards from rotating parts, belts, conveyors, etc.
7. Permission to operate tower crane, earth moving equipment’s, etc to unauthorized person.
8. Defective hand tools, power tools, machineries, etc.
9. Wrong use of PPE’s.
10. Loose cloths, lungi, etc.
11. Tobacco, gutkha, etc.
12. Electrical cable joints by unauthorized person.

What are HSE guidelines?

HSE (Health, Safety & Environment) guidelines provides advice to help you understand how to comply the law, procedures, plan, policy, technical information’s at workplace to maintain the safe work culture and minimize risk and injuries.

What is the meaning of HSE?

Health, safety and environment (HSE), HSE is one of the major departments in a company/organization and responsible for project planning, implementing & monitoring of hse rules and regulations at workplace.

What is the difference between EHS and HSE?

These all means Environment, Health, and Safety or Health Safety and Environment in the workplace in some manner. It all depends on how you understand the term. Different group use different form of representation: example – EHS, HSE, SHE, Etc. As per laws, all are same.

What is the role of HSE?

HSE is one of the major departments in a company/organization and HSE representatives is responsible to advice and implement HSE guidelines, procedures, plan, policy, technical information’s, awareness to reduce the work related injuries at workplace.

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